APPLIED PHYSICS – I
|
| UP Polytechnic/Diploma In Computer Science And Engineering | Applied Physics - I | 1 Semester Syllabus - EdufyHUB 4U |
RATIONALE
Applied physics includes the study of a diversified topics related to the world around us. It aims to give an understanding of this world both by observation and by prediction of the way in which objects behave. Concrete knowledge of physical laws, analysis and applications in various fields of engineering and technology are given prominence in this course content.
Note: Teachers should give examples of engineering/technology applications of various concepts and principles in each topic so that students are able to learn and appreciate these concepts and principles. In all contents, SI units should be followed.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After undergoing this subject, the student will be able to:
- Identify the use of S.I. system of measurement with accuracy and how it is used in engineering
- Represent physical quantities as scalars and vectors, applying the physical laws and concepts of linear and circular motion in everyday life.
- Solve difficult problems (walking of man, horse and cart problem, flying of bird/aircraft, etc.)
- Analyse and design banking of roads/railway tracks and apply conservation of momentum principle to explain rocket propulsion, recoil of gun, etc.
- Derive work, power, and energy relationship and solve problems about work and power.
- Define work, energy, and power and their units.
- Describe conservation of energy and its applications.
- Understand the concept of rotational motion of a rigid body and its applications.
- Apply the physical laws and concepts of gravity, its variation with longitude and latitude and its uses in space satellite, etc.
- Understand the concept of elasticity, surface tension, pressure and the laws governing movement of fluids.
- Express physical work in terms of heat and temperature; Measure temperature in various processes on different scales (Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, etc.)
- Distinguish between conduction, convection and radiation, identify the different methods for reducing heat losses.
- Understand the laws of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle and their applications.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Units And Dimensions
(10 Periods)
- Need Of Measurement In Engineering And Science
- Unit Of A Physical Quantity
- Fundamental And Derived Units
- Systems Of Units (FPS, CGS, and SI Units)
- Dimensions And Dimensional Formulae Of Physical Quantities
- Principle Of Homogeneity Of Dimensions
- Dimensional Equations And Their Applications
- Conversion Of Numerical Values Of Physical Quantities From One System Of Units Into Another
- Checking The Correctness Of Physical Equations
- Deriving Relations Among Various Physical Quantities
- Limitations Of Dimensional Analysis
- Error In Measurement
- Accuracy And Precision Of Instruments
- Random And Systematic Errors
- Absolute Error, Relative Error And Percentage Error
- Estimation Of Probable Errors In The Results Of Measurement (Combination Of Errors In Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division And Powers)
- Rules For Representing Significant Figures In Calculation
- Application Of Units And Dimensions In Measuring
- Length, Diameter, Circumference, Volume, Surface Area, etc. Of Metallic and Non-Metallic Blocks, Wires, Pipes, etc. (At Least Two Each)
2. Force And Motion
(10 Periods)
- Scalar And Vector Quantities
- Examples
- Representation Of Vector
- Types Of Vectors
- Addition And Subtraction of Vectors
- Triangle And Parallelogram Law (Statement Only)
- Scalar And Vector Product
- Resolution Of Vectors And Its Application To Lawn Roller
- Force, Momentum
- Statement And Derivation Of Conservation Of Linear Momentum
- Applications Such As Recoil Of Gun
- Impulse And Its Applications
- Circular Motion (Uniform And Non-uniform)
- Definition Of Angular Displacement, Angular Velocity, Angular Acceleration, Frequency, Time Period
- Relation Between Linear and Angular Velocity, Linear Acceleration And Angular Acceleration (Related Numerical)
- Central Force
- Expression And Applications Of Centripetal And Centrifugal Forces
- Examples Such As Banking Of Roads And Bending Of Cyclist
- Principle Of Centrifuge
- Application Of Various Forces In Lifts, Cranes, Large Steam Engines, and Turbines
3. Work, Power And Energy
(10 Periods)
- Work: And Its Units
- Examples Of Zero Work, Positive Work And Negative Work
- Conservative And Non-conservative Force
- Friction: Modern Concept
- Types
- Laws Of Limiting Friction
- Coefficient Of Friction And Its Engineering Applications
- Work Done In Moving An Object On Horizontal And Inclined Plane
- For Rough And Plane Surfaces
- Applications
- Energy And Its Units
- Kinetic Energy And Potential Energy With Examples And Their Derivation
- Work Energy Theorem
- Principle Of Conservation Of Mechanical Energy For Freely Falling Bodies
- Examples Of Transformation Of Energy
- Power And Its Units
- Calculation Of Power On Numerical Problems
- Application Of Friction In Brake System Of Moving Vehicles
- Bicycle, Scooter, Car, Trains, etc.
4. Rotational Motion
(10 Periods)
- Concept Of Translatory And Rotatory Motions With Examples
- Definition Of Torque With Examples
- Angular Momentum
- Conservation Of Angular Momentum (Quantitative)
- Examples
- Moment Of Inertia And Its Physical Significance
- Radius Of Gyration For Rigid Body
- Theorems Of Parallel And Perpendicular Axes (Statements Only)
- Moment Of Inertia Of Rod, Disc, Ring, and Sphere (Hollow and Solid) (Formulae Only)
- Concept Of Flywheel
- Rotational Kinetic Energy
- Rolling Of Sphere On The Slant Plane
- Comparison Of Linear Motion And Rotational Motion
- Application Of Rotational Motions In
- Transport Vehicles
- Machines
5. Motion Of planets And Satellites
(08 Periods)
- Gravitational Force
- Kepler’s Law Of Planetary Motion
- Acceleration Due To Gravity And Its Variation
- Gravitational Potential And Gravitational Potential Energy
- Satellites
- Orbital Motion Of Satellite
- Orbital Velocity And Time Period Of Satellite
- Total Energy And Binding Energy Of A Satellite
- Escape Energy And Escape Velocity
- Types Of Satellites
- Geo-Stationary Satellite
- Semi-Synchronous
- Polar Satellite (Concept Only)
- Uses Of Satellites In Science And Technology
- Concept Of Black Holes
6. Properties Of Matter
(12 Periods)
- Elasticity
- Definition Of Stress And Strain
- Different Types Of Moduli Of Elasticity
- Hooke’s Law
- Significance Of Stress Strain Curve
- Pressure
- Definition
- Units
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Gauge Pressure
- Absolute Pressure
- Fortin’s Barometer And Its Applications
- Surface Tension
- Concept
- Units
- Angle Of Contact
- Capillary Action
- Determination Of Surface Tension From Capillary Rise Method
- Applications Of Surface Tension
- Effect Of Temperature And Impurity On Surface Tension
- Viscosity And Coefficient Of Viscosity
- Terminal Velocity
- Stoke’s Law
- Effect Of Temperature On Viscosity
- Application In Hydraulic Systems
- Concept Of Fluid Motion
- Stream Line And Turbulent Flow
- Reynold’s Number
- Equation Of Continuity
- Bernoulli’s Theorem And Their Applications
7. Heat And Thermodynamics
(10 Periods)
- Difference Between Heat and Temperature
- Modes of Transfer of Heat
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation with Examples
- Different Scales of Temperature and Their Relationship
- Expansion of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- Coefficient of Linear, Surface, and Cubical Expansions
- Relation Amongst Them
- Heat Conduction in a Metal Rod
- Temperature Gradient
- Concept of Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity
- Uses and Effects of Heat Conduction in Daily Life
- Isothermal and Adiabatic Process
- Zeroth, First, and Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Heat Engine (Concept Only)
- Carnot Cycle
- Application of Various Systems of Thermometry in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, etc.
LIST OF PRACTICALS (To perform minimum Six Experiments)
- To find radius of wire and its volume and the maximum permissible error in these quantities by using both vernier calipers and screw gauge.
- To find the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth by using a simple pendulum.
- To determine the Radius of curvature of (i) convex mirror, (ii) concave mirror by spherometer.
- To verify parallelogram law of forces.
- To study conservation of energy of a ball or cylinder rolling down an inclined plane.
- To find the Moment of Inertia of a flywheel about its axis of rotation.
- To determine the atmospheric pressure at a place using Fortin’s Barometer.
- To determine the viscosity of glycerin by Stoke’s method.
- To determine the coefficient of linear expansion of a metal rod.
- To determine force constant of spring using Hooks law.
INSTRUCTIONAL STATREGY
eacher may use various teaching aids like live models, charts, graphs and experimental kits etc. for imparting effective instructions in the subject. The teacher should explain about field applications before teaching the basics to develop proper understanding of the physical phenomenon. Use of demonstration and animations can make the subject interesting and may develop scientific temper in the students. Teacher must plan a tour of Science Park/planetarium available in nearby areas in order to enhance the interest in this course.
MEANS OF ASSEMENTS
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
- Text Book of Physics for Class XI (Part-I, Part-II); N.C.E.R.T., Delhi
- Concepts in Physics by HC Verma, Vol. I & II, Bharti Bhawan Ltd. New Delhi
- Comprehensive Practical Physics, Vol, I & II, JN Jaiswal, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi
- B.Sc.Practical Physics by C L Arora, S. Chand Publication.
- Engineering Physics by PV Naik, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
- Engineering Physics by DK Bhhatacharya & Poonam Tandan; Oxford University Press, New Delhi
- Modern Engineering Physics by SL Gupta, Sanjeev Gupta, Dhanpat Rai Publications
- V. Rajendran,physics-I, Tata McGraw-Hill raw Hill publication, New Delhi
- Arthur Beiser, Applied Physics, Tata McGraw-Hill raw Hill publication, New Delhi
- Physics Volume 1, 5th edition, Haliday Resnick and Krane, Wiley publication
SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
| Topic No. | Time Alloted (Peroid) | Marks Allotted (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 15 |
| 2 | 10 | 15 |
| 3 | 10 | 15 |
| 4 | 10 | 15 |
| 5 | 8 | 10 |
| 6 | 12 | 16 |
| 7 | 10 | 14 |
| Total | 70 | 100 |